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When the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin to carry the sugar into the cells, ----.
Insulin, a hormone released from the pancreas, controls
the amount of sugar in the blood. When people eat or
drink, food is broken down into materials, including the
simple sugar glucose, that the body needs to function.
Sugar is absorbed into the bloodstream and stimulates
the pancreas to produce insulin. Insulin allows sugar to
move from the blood into the cells. Once inside the
cells, it is converted to energy, which is either used
immediately or stored as fat or glycogen until it is
needed. The levels of sugar in the blood vary normally
throughout the day. They rise after a meal and return to
normal within about 2 hours after eating. Once the
levels of sugar in the blood return to normal, insulin
production decreases. The variation in blood sugar
levels is usually within a narrow range, about 70 to 110
milligrams per decilitre (mg/dL) of blood. If people eat a
large amount of carbohydrates, the levels may increase
more. People over 65 tend to have slightly higher levels,
especially after eating. If the body does not produce
enough insulin to move the sugar into the cells, the
resulting high levels of sugar in the blood and the
inadequate amount of sugar in the cells together
produce the symptoms and complications of diabetes.