According to the passage, the recession in the1970s in the West ____ .

The 1970s were a period of marked economic
recession in the West. The effects were widespread,
even the publishing sector was badly hit. Inflation
continued to push up the costs of paper and printing,
increasing the price of books generally and reducing
the amount of money available for the publication of
new and experimental work. There was a growing
sense, in the world of literature no less than in other
spheres of production, that this crisis must involve
changes that would be neither simple nor temporary.