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We understood from the passage that over the last hundred years or so ____
Oceanography is the scientific study of the world's
oceans which cover over 70 percent of the earth's surface.
The beginnings of modern oceanography go back to the
1870s when, for the first time, wide ranging scientific
observations and studies of the oceans were undertaken
by British. Since then, oceanography has developed into a
highly technical and interdisciplinary science which is
now divided into several fields of study. These are
biological oceanography, which deals with the study of
the marine organisms and marine ecology, chemical
oceanography, which is concerned with the composition
of sea water, and physical oceanography, which studies
ocean currents, tides, waves, and the role played by the
oceans in climate and weather. Geological oceanography
is also another branch of oceanography and is mainly
concerned with the formation, composition and evaluation
of the ocean basins. Oceanographic knowledge is
essential to allow exploitation of the enormous food,
mineral and energy resources of the oceans wi