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Dr James Braid ............. .
When hypnosis first claimed the attention of scientists, it was
called animal magnetism or mesmerism, after Franz Mesmer
of Vienna. In the late 18th century, Mesmer claimed to use it
to heal certain nervous ailments. For many years,
mesmerism was denounced by medical • practitioners and
generally associated with stage performances, fraud and
superstition. In the 19th century, before the discovery of
anesthetics, physicians began to use mesmerism in surgery.
They found that a deeply hypnotized patient would lie
perfectly still and appear unaffected by pain. Around 1840, a
doctor named James Braid coined the term hypnosis, which
means a "nervous sleep." The new name was more
acceptable than mesmerism, with its implications of fraud,
and it soon supplanted the older term.