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It is emphasized in the passage that George Stephenson, who designed the first steam railway, ----.
In England, transportation had improved a great deal
during the years before 1830, but moving heavy
materials, particularly coal, remained a problem. It is
therefore significant that the first modern railway, built
in 1825 for the transportation of coal, ran from the
Durham coal field of Stockton to Darlington near the
coast. Coal had traditionally been transported short
distances via tramways, or tracks along which horses
pulled coal carts. The Stockton-to-Darlington railway
was a logical extension of a tramway, designed to
answer the transportation needs arising from
constantly expanding industrialization. The man
primarily responsible for the design of the first steam
railway was George Stephenson, a self-educated
engineer who had not learned to read until he was
seventeen. The locomotives on the Stockton-
Darlington line travelled at fifteen miles an hour, the
fastest rate at which machines had yet moved goods
overland. Soon they would move people as well,
transforming transportation in the process.