On the whole, according to the passage, women in the workplace ----.

Although women have made huge strides in catching up
with men in the workplace, a gender gap still persists both
in wages and levels of advancement. Commonly cited
explanations for this gap range from charges of sex
discrimination to claims that women are more sensitive
than men to work versus family conflicts and thus less
inclined to make sacrifices for their careers. Now,
however, two new studies suggest that another factor may
be at work: a deeply ingrained difference in the way men
and women react to competition that manifests itself even
at an early age. Apparently, females tend to be far less
responsive to competition than males - a tendency with
important implications for women and business. It may hurt
women in highly competitive labor markets, for example,
and hamper efficient job placement - especially for
positions in which competitiveness is not a useful trait.