ÜDS-Fen 2005-2 Soru=70

We understand from the passage that the technological achievements of engineers are --- -.

If engineers waited for the development of scientific
knowledge to use and organize into technological
achievements, ours would be a very different world
from what we know. In engineering, it is not so much
science as it is ingenuity that is applied to solve
problems and satisfy needs and wants. If this were
not so, the steam engine would never have been
invented in the absence of thermodynamics. The
Wright Brothers would not have flown since they had
no aerodynamics textbooks. The astronauts would
never have landed on the Moon nor the rovers on
Mars without firm geological knowledge of their
surfaces. Rather than following scientific theories and
discoveries, engineering leads them. Operating
steam engines prompted the development of
thermodynamics, actual powered flight drove
aerodynamics, and Moon and Mars missions brought
back samples and sent back data that led to
increased scientific knowledge about those
extraterrestrial bodies.