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It can be understood from the passage that, in the early 1900s, people feared mental hospitals and mental patients due to ----.
Despite various scientific advances, in the early
1900s the public still did not understand mental
illness and viewed mental hospitals and their inmates
with fear and horror. Clifford Beers undertook the
task of educating the public about mental health. As
a young man, Beers developed a bipolar disorder
and was confined for 3 years in several private and
state hospitals. Although chains and other methods
of torture had been abandoned long before, the
straitjacket was still widely used to restrain excited
patients. Lack of funds made the average state
mental hospital – with its overcrowded wards, poor
food, and unsympathetic attendants – a far from
pleasant place to live. After his recovery, Beers wrote
about his experiences in the now-famous book A
Mind That Found Itself (1908), which aroused
considerable public interest. Beers worked
ceaselessly to educate the public about mental
illness and helped to organize the National
Committee for Mental Hygiene. In 1950, this
organization joined with two related groups to form
the National Association for Mental Health. The
mental hygiene movement played an invaluable role
in stimulating the organization of child-guidance
clinics and community mental health centres to aid in
the prevention and treatment of mental disorders.