(I) Ever since the latter part of the 1990s, industrial pollution is being replaced by vehicle-linked smog in China. (II) Already, Shanghai planners estimate that 90% of the city's air pollution is from motor vehicies. (III) The thick smog over many Chinese cities has huge health costs. (IV) The Worfd Bank estimates * that air pollution takes about 5% of China's Gross Domestic Prcduct (GDP) in health care costs and lost productivity from those too ill to work. (V) The nation has placed enormous economic and political capital into developing the car industry and the cassenger car is rapidly becoming a syrnbol of the country's success.