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According to the passage, the body uses a defence system which acts to ----.
A key strategy in keeping the body free from infection is
to prevent the entry of harmful organisms in the first
place. Barrier, or passive immunity, acts as a first line of
defence against pathogens, providing protection via the
physical and chemical barriers presented by the various
surfaces of the body. These include both external
surfaces such as the skin and mucus-lined internal
surfaces like the airways and the gut. Each body
surface forms an initial physical barrier to infection, and
this is then supplemented by a variety of secreted
substances that exhibit antimicrobial properties such as
enzymes, which break down bacteria. Additional vital
mechanisms function to expel or flush out microbes
from the body like coughing, sweating and urination. If
barrier immunity is breached, for instance by a skin
wound, and pathogens enter the body, the innate
immune system then becomes actively involved. Key to
this is the activation of an inflammatory response and
the deployment of immune cells. Tissue damage results
from inflammation, which helps to prevent microbes
from spreading. The capillary walls in the affected area
become more penetrable, enabling immune cells to
access the infected tissue. Damaged cells release
chemicals that attract immune cells once they have
migrated from the bloodstream.