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Why did the arrival of Ralph Plaisted and his companions at the North Pole in 1968 cause surprise?
For many years praise was awarded to the US explorer
Robert Peary, who claimed to have reached the North
Pole on 6 April 1909. Yet even at the time his claim was
disputed. Dr Frederick Cook, a rival American explorer,
insisted he had reached the pole almost a year earlier.
But neither of them could provide definitive proof of their
supposed triumph. Cook's own evidence was rejected
by an independent commission, while Peary refused to
hand over any details at all. In 1989, the US National
Geographic Society announced that an analysis of
photographs taken by Peary, together with his records
of ocean depths and other data, were consistent with his
expedition getting within eight kilometres of the true
pole. Cook's claim, meanwhile, has always been
followed by suspicions of fraud. In the years that
followed, the North Pole was reached many times by
airborne and submarine expeditions. Surprisingly, the
first undisputed expedition to reach the North Pole over
the surface did not achieve its goal until 1968, when the
American Ralph Plaisted and three companions arrived
on snowmobiles. On 6 April the following year, the
British explorer Wally Herbert became the first to reach
the North Pole the traditional way, on foot