YDS 2015-1 Soru=53

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An amazing development in keyhole surgery has been
the use of remotely-operated robots to perform
minimally invasive procedures. Keyhole surgery means
that the surgeon’s hands do not need to be inside the
patient – all cuts and stitches are carried out by delicate
instruments inserted through the keyhole incisions. This
has made it possible for these instruments to be
operated mechanically by a surgeon at a console that
does not necessarily need to be in the same room, the
same hospital – or indeed, the same country. In 2000,
the US Federal Drug Administration approved a robotic
keyhole system called ‘da Vinci’ for clinical use. In
conventional keyhole surgery, the surgeon must stand
and transfer his gaze between the instruments and the
display screen. However, da Vinci allows the surgeon to
be seated – for greater comfort during lengthy
procedures. Two endoscopes give full stereoscopic
vision, while hand and foot controls are used to operate
the instruments simultaneously and with greater range
of movement than that permitted by human hand and
wrist joints. In the future, a top surgical specialist in the
US could operate on an injured soldier on a faraway
battlefield