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It is clearly stated in the passage that In Praise of Idleness was published during the Great Depression ----.
Bertrand Russell’s essay In Praise of Idleness was first
published in 1932, in the middle of the Great
Depression, a period of global economic crisis. It might
seem distasteful to promote the virtues of idleness at
such a time, when unemployment was rising to a third of
the working population in some parts of the world. For
Russell, however, the economic chaos of the time was
itself the result of a set of deep-rooted and mistaken
attitudes about work. Indeed, he claims that many of our
ideas about work are little more than superstitions,
which should be swept away with rigorous thinking.
Russell distinguishes between two kinds of workers:
labourers and supervisors. To these, he adds a third
group of non-workers – the leisured landowners who
depend on other people’s labour to support their own
idleness. According to Russell, history is littered with
examples of people working hard all their lives and
being allowed to keep just enough for themselves and
their families to survive, while any surplus they produce
is appropriated by warriors, priests and the leisured
ruling classes. And it is always these beneficiaries of the
system, says Russell, who are heard praising the virtues
of ‘honest toil’, giving a moral mask to a system that is
manifestly unjust. And this fact alone should prompt us
to re-evaluate the ethics of work