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Winkleby’s study is different from other studies of poverty in that she ----
For some people, living in an affluent area can actually
be a health hazard. This is the provocative conclusion
of a study of the death records of more than 8,000
people living in four major US cities. The ill effects of
being poor or living in economically disadvantaged
areas have been demonstrated before, but it is unusual
to consider that poor people living in richer areas may
be no better off. Marilyn Winkleby, a researcher at
Stanford University in California, decided to look into
this and was surprised to find that the death rates in
four Californian cities were actually highest for poor
people living in the richest neighbourhoods. Her study
offers two possible explanations: Poorer people living in
rich areas may have to pay proportionally more for
housing, intensifying the effect of poverty; alternatively,
their health may suffer from the stress caused by
continually being reminded that they are at the bottom
of the pile. Another researcher, Richard Wilkinson, from
the University of Nottingham in the UK, also suspects
that stress is largely to blame. He reviewed more than
150 studies and concluded that health is generally
poorer when differences in income are larger.