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According to the passage, following in the footsteps of Adam Smith, a number of capitalist economists in Britain ----.
The most important idea of the nineteenth century in
Britain was that everyone had the right to personal
freedom, and this became the basis of capitalism.
This idea, which had originated with Adam Smith in
the eighteenth century, spread widely due to the
popularity of his book The Wealth of Nations. After
Adam Smith, several capitalist economists argued
that the government should not interfere in trade and
industry at all. Fewer laws, they claimed, meant more
freedom, and freedom for individuals would lead to
happiness for the greatest number of people. These
ideas were eagerly accepted by the growing middle
class. However, it soon became very clear that the
freedom of factory owners to do as they pleased had
led to slavery and misery for the poor, not to
happiness or freedom. By 1820, more and more
people had begun to accept the idea that the
government must interfere to protect the poor and the
weak. The result was a number of laws to improve
working conditions. For instance, one of the laws,
which went into effect in 1833, limited the number of
hours that women and children were allowed to work.