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Why did the researchers recreate two environments?
In 2015, it was discovered that liquid water forms on the
surface of Mars during its warmest summer days.
However, thanks to the low atmospheric pressure, it
boils away almost instantly ─ the boiling point of water
on Mars is just 20ºC. Water was, therefore, believed to
play little or no role in shaping the Martian surface.
However, an international team of scientists has shown
that even this short-lived boiling water does have a
significant geological impact. The researchers, led by
Marion Massé from the Laboratory of Planetology and
Geodynamics of Nantes, recreated two environments:
one inside a former diving decompression chamber at
Mars-like pressure, and the other in a cold chamber at
terrestrial pressure. When a block of ice melted under
'Earth' conditions, water simply soaked into the sand.
When a block of ice melted under Mars-like pressure,
though, its boiling caused bubbles to be emitted which
disturbed the sand, leaving a pattern of ridges like the
ones seen on the surface of Mars. With saltwater, the
effects were more obvious.