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According to the passage, the Himalayas ----.
As well as being the largest mountain range on the
planet, the Himalayas is also one of the youngest. Just
seventy million years ago, a very short time in
geological terms, the Himalayas did not exist. As the
Indo-Australian tectonic plate collided with the Eurasian
plate at the rate of about 15 centimetres a year, the
ocean floor in between began to rise up to form the
mountain range. This means that much of the rock out
of which these towering peaks are made was formed at
the bottom of an ocean, only to be lifted up thousands
of metres into the air. The evidence for this
extraordinary journey is not difficult to find. If you look
closely at any piece of Himalayan limestone, you will
see it has a chalky, granular structure. What you are
looking at are the remains of sea creatures. Given a
relatively short timescale and a bit of pressure, these
biological remains are quickly converted into solid rock.
Limestone can also be formed by the direct precipitation
of calcium carbonate from water, although the biological
sedimentary form is more abundant. We know that the
Himalayan limestone is predominantly biological
because we have found fossils at the top of Mount
Everest. There is perhaps no better example of the
endless recycling of Earth’s resources that has been
going on since its formation almost five billion years
ago.