KPSS 2005 Soru=41

We understand from the passage that the 20th century was one in which ----.

Looking back at the past century, it's interesting to
note that a number of new theories on teaching
and learning have emerged. Among those
theories which have been popular and become
influential are the socio-cultural theory and
constructivism. According to the socio-cultural
theory, social interaction plays a fundamental role
in the development of knowledge. Constructivism,
on the other hand, states that learning is an active
process in which learners construct new ideas or
concepts based upon their current/past
knowledge. If we go deeper into these theories,
we will come to an understanding that they focus
on the learner, while the teacher's role is that of
an inquirer, observer and creator of “rich” learning
environments from which the learner can make
his/her own discoveries. These two perspectives
(socio-cultural theory and constructivism) became
the foundation of learner-centred instruction,
which is often contrasted with the teacher-centred
approach.