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One characteristic property of a gas is its compressibility, that is, its ability to be squeezed into a smaller volume by the application of pressure. By comparison, liquids and solids are relatively incompressible. The compressibility of gases was first studied quantitatively by Robert Boyle in 16When he poured mercury into the open end of a J-shaped tube, the volume of the enclosed gas decreased. Each addition of mercury increased the pressure on the gas, decreasing its volume. ----
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It is true that gases are composed of molecules whose size is negligible compared with the average distance between them. |
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While studying the composition of air, John Dalton concluded in 1801 that each gas in a mixture of unreactive gases acts as though it were the only gas in the mixture. |
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According to Newton, the pressure of a gas was due to the mutual repulsions of the gas particles, that is, gas molecules. |
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The Swiss mathematician and physicist Daniel Bernoulli suggested in 1738 that molecules of gases move faster at higher temperatures. |
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From such experiments, he formulated the law now known by his name and called “Boyle's law.” |