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The discovery of gunpowder and the mariner’s compass in the Middle Ages ----.
Science, ever since the time of the Arabs, has had
two functions: to enable us to know things, and to
enable us to do things. The Greeks, with the
exception of Archimedes, were only interested in the
first of these. They had much curiosity about the
world, however, since civilized people lived
comfortably on slave labour, they had no interest in
the “application” of such knowledge to improve lives.
The Arabs, on the other hand, wished to discover the
philosopher’s stone, the elixir of life, and how to turn
base metals into gold. In the pursuit of these things,
they discovered many facts about chemistry, but they
did not arrive at any valid and important general laws,
and “application” remained elementary. However, in
the late Middle Ages, two discoveries were made
which had profound importance. These were
gunpowder and the mariner’s compass. It is not
known who made these discoveries – the only thing
certain is that it was not Roger Bacon, who was an
English philosopher of the time.