(I) Though the Spaniards subdued and pacified the Indians from North America to Peru, the Araucanians continued to resist for three centuries. (II) It was not until after Chile achieved independence that they surrendered to the government. (III) Today, in the southern districts, there remain only about 50.000 Araucanians. (IV) People of pure Spanish descent total about 25 percent, while 66 percent are mestizo, a mixture of Spanish and native Indian. (V) Most of them are now Christian, but they are strongly attached to their old traditions.