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According to the author, once the other symptoms of the disease have subsided and only the red facial rash is visible, ............ .
Fifth disease is a mild but contagious, viral disease of children that causes a very characteristic facial
rash. The formal name for the disease is erythema infectiosum, which means "infectious rednees". The
name fifth disease was applied to the condition because it was the fifth pink-red infectious rash of
childhood to be described, the others being scarlet fever, measles, rubella — often called German
measles — and roseola. Although people of any age may contract fifth disease, children attending
elementary school are the major group at risk. The virus causing this condition, human parvovirus
B19, is spread by exposure to airborne droplets exhaled by an infected person. The disease is seen
mainly in the spring months, and often occurs as an outbreak in a geographically limited region. More
than half of the children who are exposed to fifth disease will contract the illness. After an incubation
period ranging from four days to two weeks, an infected child usually has a fever of less than 38° C,
may feel slightly ill or tired, and develops the most characteristic sign of fifth disease: bright red or
rosy rash on both cheeks, making them look as if they have been slapped. In fact, the infection has
been called "slapped cheeks disease". The rash does not itch, and may extend to the upper arms, thighs
and buttocks, where it is more pink than bright red and has a lacy or netlike appearance. Children
usually are no longer ill after five to ten days, but the rash often recurs a number of times over a period
of several weeks. It seems to be triggered by exposure to direct sunlight, exercising or emotional
stress. The child may continue in school or day care at this stage because once the rash appears, there
is no longer any risk of giving the disease to others. The only treatment for the patient during the acute
illness phase is bed rest. Drinking plenty of fluids is also important.